Skip to main content
printlogo

epilepsy.com

  • FIND US
  • Donate Now!
Home

Search form

Main Menu

  • Learn
    • COVID-19 and Epilepsy
    • About Epilepsy: The Basics
    • Types of Seizures
    • Types of Epilepsy Syndromes
    • Epilepsy Due to Specific Causes
    • Triggers of Seizures
    • Diagnosis
    • Treating Seizures and Epilepsy
    • Managing Your Epilepsy
    • Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy
    • Early Death and SUDEP
    • Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
    • Challenges with Epilepsy
    • Learning Network
  • Living with Epilepsy
    • Our Training and Education
    • Healthy Living
    • Driving and Transportation
    • Independent Living
    • Legal Help
    • EF My Seizure Diary
    • Toolbox
    • Epilepsy and ...
    • Schools and Seizure Preparedness
    • Seizure First Aid and Safety
  • Make A Difference
    • Join our Grassroots Advocacy
    • Walk to END EPILEPSY®
    • Care and Cure Institute: END EPILEPSY in Children
    • Get Involved
    • eJourney
    • Ways to Give
    • Online Store Merchandise
    • Online Store Educational Materials
    • GIVE 26 to END EPILEPSY
    • National Education and Awareness Collaborative
    • Public Awareness
    • Talk About It!
    • Your Gift Matters
  • Connect
    • Get Social!
    • 24/7 Helpline
    • Community Forums
    • Seizure and Epilepsy News
    • Contact Us
    • Find an Epilepsy Specialist
    • Find a Clinical Trial
    • Epilepsy Foundation Terms of Use
    • Privacy Policy
  • About Us
    • Advocacy
    • Research and New Therapies
    • Our Programs
    • Learning Healthcare System
    • Find Your Local Epilepsy Foundation
    • About the Foundation
    • Careers
    • Our Impact
  • mobile-menu-logo
  • DONATE
  • FIND US

You are here

Living with Epilepsy / Seizure First Aid and Safety / Staying Safe / Managing Epilepsy & Seizures Infographic

Managing Epilepsy & Seizures Infographic

Living with Epilepsy

  • Seizure First Aid and Safety
    • Staying Safe
      • Recognizing Risks
      • Types of Injuries
      • Safety at Home
      • Safety While Sleeping
      • Safety in the Kitchen
      • Safety at Work
      • Safety with Exercise and Sports
      • Safety at Camp
      • Infographic
      • Fall Safely
      • Preparing for Severe Weather and Other Emergencies and the Aftermath
    • First Aid for Seizures - Stay, Safe, Side
    • Videos to Learn Seizure First Aid
    • Adapting First Aid Plans
      • First Aid for Focal Aware (simple partial) Seizures
      • First Aid for Focal Impaired Awareness (complex partial) Seizures
      • First Aid for Absence Seizures
      • First Aid for Atonic and Tonic Seizures
      • First Aid for Tonic-Clonic Seizures
      • Seizures in Water
      • Seizures in Airplanes
      • What Else Can I Do to Help?
    • Responding to Seizures
      • Using Rescue Medications
      • Using VNS Magnet
    • Getting Emergency Help
    • Help After a Seizure
    • Seizure Dogs
      • Seizure Dogs: Q&A
      • Seizure Dogs: Children and Parent Partners
      • Personal Experience with a Seizure Dog: A conversation with Allison and Carol
      • Personal Story of a Seizure Dog: Spencer and Lucia
      • Perspective: Training Seizure Dogs
      • General Rights of Individuals with Service Animals
  • Our Training and Education
    • School Nurse Training
    • Seizure Training for School Personnel
  • Healthy Living
    • Emotional Health
      • Overview of Depression
      • Diagnosing Depression
      • Managing Depression
    • Stress and Wellness
      • Causes and Signs of Stress
      • Managing Stress
      • Mindfulness & Epilepsy
    • Sleep and Wellness
    • Healthy Eating
      • Our Wellness Institute Partner - The Charlie Foundation
      • Nutrition and Seizure Control
      • The Charlie Foundation's Pantry
        • Dill Pickle & Avocado Relish
        • Charlie Chocolate Bites
        • Cool & Spicy Jicama Slaw
        • Enjoy Asparagus in Spring
        • Snap Pea and Spring Onion Salad
        • Spaghetti Squash is the New Pasta
        • The Charlie Bar
      • Healthy Eating Video Library
    • Fitness and Exercise
      • Benefits of Exercise
      • Exercise and Epilepsy
      • Safety First: How Do I Start Exercising?
      • Basics of an Exercise Program
      • Exercise FAQs
  • Driving and Transportation
    • State Driving Laws Database
    • Transportation
  • Independent Living
    • Employment
      • Finding Employment
      • Disclosing Epilepsy
      • Medical Exams and Questions
      • Safety Sensitive Jobs
        • Air Traffic Controller
        • Border Patrol Agent
        • Commercial Truck Driver
        • FBI Agent
        • Law Enforcement and Firefighters
        • Medical Personnel (Physicians, Nurses, and Medical Residents)
        • Military Service
        • Pilot and Other Airline Positions
        • U.S. Postal Service Mail Carrier
      • Changing Jobs
      • Reasonable Accommodations
    • Financial Planning
      • Financial Concerns for Families
      • Financial Planning for a Child
    • Health Coverage
  • Legal Help
    • About Jeanne Carpenter
    • Your Legal Rights
    • Disability Resources
    • Finding Legal Help
    • Make a Donation
    • Resources for Attorneys
      • Child Care/Camps/Rec. Programs Briefs
      • Criminal Justice Briefs
      • Discrimination in Federally Funded Programs Briefs
      • Driving Briefs
      • Education Briefs
      • Employment Briefs
      • First Responders and Seizure Management Briefs
      • Institutionalization Briefs
      • Insurance Briefs
      • Physician Liability Briefs
      • Service Animals Briefs
      • Social Security Benefits Briefs
      • Transportation Briefs
    • Join Our Network
  • EF My Seizure Diary
    • Diary Help
    • Companion Apps Download
  • Toolbox
    • New to Seizures and Epilepsy
    • Seizure First Aid Resources
    • Medication Tools
    • Non-Medication Treatment Factsheets
    • Wellness Support Tools
    • Seizure Forms
    • Lifestyle and Communication Tools
    • WebEase
  • Epilepsy and ...
    • Parents and Caregivers
      • Parents
      • About Newborns and Infants
        • Seizures in Newborns
        • Diagnosis of Infant Seizures
      • About Kids
        • Types of Seizures
        • Seizure First Aid
        • Diagnosing Seizures
        • Signs & Symptoms
        • Conditions Confused with Epilepsy
        • Causes of Epilepsy in Childhood
        • Seizure Triggers in Children
        • Related Conditions
        • When It's More Than Just Seizures
        • Your Medical Team
        • Treatment Options
        • Treatment with Medication
        • Managing Seizure Medications
        • How Long Do Children Need Seizure Medicine?
        • Dietary Therapy
        • Your Child at Home
        • Your Child at School and Child Care
        • Playing Sports and Other Activities
      • About Teens with Epilepsy
        • Driving and Transportation
        • Dating
        • Parent and Peer Relationships
        • Medication
        • Drugs and Alcohol
        • Employment
      • Talking to Kids about Epilepsy
      • Helping Others Understand
        • Educating Teens and Adults
        • Explaining Epilepsy to Children and Family
        • Fighting Stigma
      • Can Children Die from Epilepsy?
      • Childcare Professionals and Babysitters' Guide
        • Babysitter's Guide to First Aid
        • Managing Prolonged Seizures in Children
      • Parents Helping Parents
    • Young People
      • What Is Epilepsy?
      • Children Ages 5 - 11 and Parents
      • Pre-teen and Teenage Girls with Epilepsy
      • Pre-teen and Teenage Boys with Epilepsy
      • School and Learning Difficulties for Teens with Epilepsy
      • FAQ for Teens
      • Living With Epilepsy
      • Talking About Epilepsy
        • Talking with Friends and Family
        • Talking with School and Medical Staff
      • Seizures In School
      • Work and College
        • Choosing a College
        • Scholarships
        • Attending College
      • Driving
      • Dating
      • Sexual Activities
      • Alcohol And Drugs
      • Sports And Safety
        • Safety During the Summer
      • Teens Resources
      • Epilepsy Quiz
        • Epilepsy Quiz - Answer Sheet
      • Transition of Medical Care
    • Women
      • Women FAQ
      • For Young Women
        • Menstruation
      • For All Women
        • Contraception
        • Unplanned Pregnancy
        • Hormones And Epilepsy
        • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
        • Epilepsy And Sexual Relationships
        • Folic Acid
        • Bone Health
      • Epilepsy and Pregnancy
        • Does Epilepsy Affect Fertility?
        • Preparing for Pregnancy
        • Risks During Pregnancy
        • Seizures, Medications and Pregnancy
        • Specific Problems Affecting Infants
        • Breastfeeding
        • After the Baby is Born
        • Discussion Checklist
      • FDA Guidelines
      • Menopause And Epilepsy
      • Studies and Registries for Women
    • Men
    • Older Adults
      • Seniors With Epilepsy
      • Types of Seizures
      • Seizure Recognition And First Aid
      • Causes Of Epilepsy
      • Getting A Diagnosis
      • Effects Of Epilepsy Medications
      • Side Effects
      • Falls During Seizures
      • Treating Epilepsy In Seniors
      • Effects Of Epilepsy On Seniors
      • Living Independently
      • Safety Issues
      • Caregivers
    • Latinos
      • Trabajando Con Su Equipo Médico
      • Factores Que Pueden Provocar Crisis Epilépticas
      • Primeros Auxilios Para Crisis Epilépticas
      • Seguridad General
      • SUDEP: Muerte Súbita Inesperada en Epilepsia
      • Tratamientos
      • Crisis Epilépticas En Los Niños
      • La Epilepsia En Las Mujeres
      • Mas Información Y Recursos
    • African Americans
      • African American Outreach
      • Furthering Campus-Community Partnerships for Epilepsy Education
    • Asian Americans
    • Veterans
      • For Family Members
      • For Healthcare Professionals
      • Veterans Program
    • Professional Health Care Providers
      • Seizures in Adults (Connectors Project)
      • AAN/AES SUDEP Guideline for Professionals
      • Videos About Epilepsy and Cannabis
      • Seizure Dogs: What Providers Need to Know
      • Hallway Conversations
      • GW Grand Rounds Series
      • Epilepsy Innovation Institute
      • Epilepsy Foundation Pipeline Conferences
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session I & II
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session III
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session IV
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session V, VI and Lifetime Accelerator Award
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session VII
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session VIII
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session IX, Shark Tank Competition and Closing Remarks
      • Joint Content Partnership with AES
        • Epilepsy Comorbidities
        • How Device Trials Work
        • Patient Safety in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit
        • PAME Conference Wrapup Podcast
        • Podcast on Epilepsy Surgery
        • SUDEP FAQ for Professionals
        • Biomarkers in Epilepsy: The Latest Research
        • Cannabinoids in Medically Refractory Epilepsy
        • Epilepsy Quality Measures
        • First Seizure Guidelines
        • Generic Antiepileptic Drugs - Results of FDA Research
        • My Seizures, Know More
        • New Status Epilepticus Guidelines
        • New Treatment Strategies For Neurodevelopmental Epilepsies
        • New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE)
        • Obstacles in Epilepsy Diagnosis: If You Don't Ask, They Won't Tell
        • Podcast on Electrophysiological Biomarkers
        • Seizure Emergencies
        • The Complex Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Epilepsy
      • Educational Webcasts & Web Links
        • AED Mechanisms of Actions Roundtable
        • Adverse Effects Related to Medication Roundtable
        • An Algorithm on the Diagnosis of Nonlesional Epilepsy
        • An Algorithm on the Treatment of Epilepsy in Patients with a Normal MRI
        • Treatment for Patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Roundtable
      • About Epilepsy & Seizures
        • EpiNet Seizure Classification Teaching Module
        • Classifying Seizures
          • Distinguishing Factors
          • Generalized Seizures
            • Absence
            • Atonic
            • Clonic
            • Myoclonic
            • Tonic
            • Tonic-clonic
          • Nonepileptic Seizures
            • Causes
            • Diagnosis
              • Clues from the Event
              • Video-EEG Monitoring
            • Talking to the Patient
            • Treatment and Outlook
            • Readings
          • References
          • Status Epilepticus
            • Convulsive SE
              • Complications and Prognosis
              • Symptoms and Causes
            • Less Obvious SE
            • Diagnosing SE
            • Managing Status Epilepticus
              • Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
              • Valproic Acid
              • Phenobarbital
              • Diazepam
              • Lorazepam
              • Midazolam and Clonazepam
              • Continuous Anesthesia for Refractory SE
              • Medical Treatment of Other Forms of SE
              • Troubleshooting
            • Readings
        • Overview of Epilepsy Syndromes
          • Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures
          • Benign Neonatal Convulsions
          • Benign Rolandic
          • CEOP
          • Childhood Absence (Pyknolepsy)
          • Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy
          • Grand Mal Seizures on Awakening
          • Infant Benign Myoclonic
          • Infant Severe Myoclonic
          • Juvenile Myoclonic
          • Myoclonic-Astatic Seizures
          • Ring Chromosome 20 Syndrome
            • Ring Chromosome 20 Symptom List
          • Unverricht-Lundborg Disease
          • References
        • Neonatal Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes
          • Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures
          • Benign Neonatal Seizures (Non-Familial)
          • Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy
        • Idiopathic Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes in Infancy
          • Benign Familial and Non-Familial Infantile Seizures (Watanabe-Vigevano Syndrome)
          • Benign Myoclonic Epilepsy in Infancy
          • Febrile Seizures
          • Generalized Epilepsies with Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS ; Autosomal Dominant Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus)
        • Epileptic Encephalopathies in Infancy and Childhood
          • Hypothalamic (Gelastic) Epilepsy
          • Myoclonic Status in Non-Progressive Encephalopathies
        • Severe Neocortical Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy and Childhood
          • Epilepsia Partialis Continua of Kozhevnikov
          • Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia Epilepsy Syndrome
          • Kozhevnikov-Rasmussen Syndrome
          • Migrating Focal Seizures of Infancy
        • Benign Childhood Focal Seizures
          • Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (Rolandic Seizures)
          • Gastaut-Type Idiopathic Childhood Occipital Epilepsy
        • Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies
          • Childhood Absence Epilepsy
          • Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures Only
          • Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy with Phantom Absences
          • Juvenile Absence Epilepsy
          • Perioral Myoclonia with Absences
        • Familial (Autosomal Dominant) Focal Epilepsies
          • Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (ADNFLE)
          • Familial Autosomal Dominant Lateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (Autosomal Dominant Focal Epilepsy with Auditory Features)
          • Familial Focal Epilepsy with Variable Foci
          • Familial Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
        • Symptomatic and Probably Symptomatic Focal Epilepsies
          • Common Frontal Lobe Seizures Depending on Localization
          • Frontal Lobe Epilepsies
          • Lateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
          • Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis
          • Occipital Lobe Epilepsies
          • Parietal Lobe Epilepsies
          • Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE)
        • Reflex Seizures and Related Epileptic Syndromes
          • Idiopathic Photosensitive Occipital Lobe Epilepsy
          • Idiopathic Reading Epilepsy
          • Jeavons Syndrome (Eyelid Myoclonia with Absences)
          • Photosensitive Epilepsy
          • Self-Induced Seizures
          • Startle Epilepsy (Startle-Induced Seizures)
          • Television Epilepsy
          • Video Game-Induced Seizures (VGS)
        • Hormones and Epilepsy
          • Catamenial Epilepsy
            • Patterns and Causes
            • Evaluation
            • Treatment
          • Effects on Other Hormones
          • Female Reproductive Endocrine Function
            • Evaluating Reproductive Dysfunction
          • Female Sexuality/Reproduction and AEDs
          • Male Reproductive Endocrine Function
          • Male Sexuality/Reproduction and AEDs
          • Menarche
          • Menopause and Perimenopause
          • Other Hormonal Systems and AEDs
          • Postictal Prolactin Testing
          • Reproductive issues
            • Contraception
            • Fertility
            • Obstetrical Risks
            • Seizures During Pregnancy
            • AED Management During Pregnancy
            • Teratogenicity
            • Monitoring Pregnancy in Women with Epilepsy
            • Breastfeeding
          • References
        • Psychiatric and Behavioral Aspects
          • Effects of Treatment
          • Evaluating Psychiatric Symptoms
          • Influence of Seizure Types
          • Interictal Behaviors of TLE
          • Psychiatric Predispositions
          • Psychiatric Symptoms
            • Depression
            • Psychosis
            • Forced Normalization
            • Aggression
            • Other Psychiatric Symptoms
          • Treatment of Psychiatric Complications
          • Readings
      • Co-Existing Disorders
        • Brain Tumors
          • Pathophysiology
          • Clues to anatomic location
          • Neuroimaging
          • Astrocytoma
          • Oligodendroglioma
          • Ganglioglioma
          • DNETs
          • Meningioma
          • Metastatic
          • Treatment
          • Prophylaxis
          • AED Treatment
          • Surgical Planning and Prep
          • Postoperative Complications
          • Future Trends
          • References
        • Cardiac Disorders
          • Arrhythmias
          • Assessment: Neurologic or Cardiac?
          • Complications
          • Congenital Heart Disease
          • Managing Cardiac Disease
          • Managing Epilepsy
          • Myocardial Infarction
          • References
          • Valve Disease
        • Cerebrovascular Disease
          • Ischemic Etiologies
          • Hemorrhagic Etiologies
          • Other Etiologies
          • Epidemiology of Stroke
          • Incidence and Risk Factors for Seizures
          • Types of Seizures
          • Assessment of Seizures
          • Differential Diagnosis
          • Treatment of Seizures
            • Phenytoin
            • Phenobarbital
            • Carbamazepine
            • Valproate
            • Other AEDs
            • Special Situations
          • Prognosis
          • References
        • Developmental Disorders
          • Childhood-specific epilepsies with DD
            • Mechanisms of seizure-induced brain damage
              • Recurrent Seizures: Damage to the Developing Brain
              • Status Epilepticus : Damage to the Developing Brain
            • References
          • Metabolic and Genetic Disorders
            • Family History
            • Physical Examination
            • Neurologic Examination
            • Age of Onset
              • Age of Onset - table
            • Seizure Frequency and Types
            • Diagnostic Testing
              • Diagnostic Testing - table
            • Identifying the Locus
              • Identifying the Locus - table
            • Treatment
            • References
        • Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease
          • Gastrointestinal disease
          • Liver Disease
          • Effects on specific AEDs
            • Carbamazepine
            • Ethosuximide
            • Felbamate
            • Gabapentin
            • Lamotrigine
            • Levetiracetam
            • Oxcarbazepine
            • Phenobarbital
            • Phenytoin
            • Tiagabine
            • Topiramate
            • Valproic acid
            • Zonisamide
          • References
          • Choosing and monitoring AEDs
        • Head Trauma & Post-Traumatic Epilepsy
          • Management Guidelines
          • Mechanisms of Brain Injury
            • Biochemical Effects
            • Can Responses be Altered?
            • Cellular Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis
            • Genetic and Molecular Factors
          • Prevention and Prophylaxis
          • References
          • Risks
        • Hematologic Disorders
          • Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy
          • Aplastic Anemia
          • Bone Marrow Transplantation
          • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
          • Folate Deficiency
          • Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
          • Newborn Hemorrhagic Disease
          • Proliferative Disorders
          • References
          • Sickle Cell Disease
          • Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
        • Infectious States & Seizures
          • Amebic Parasitic Infections
          • Bacterial Meningitis
            • Diagnosis
            • Epidemiology
            • Seizure Complications
            • Treatment
          • Epidural Abscess
          • Epilepsy & TB treatment
          • Epilepsy as a Consequence of Infection
          • Febrile Seizures
          • Fungal Infections
          • Helminthic parasitic Infections
            • Angiostrongyliasis
            • Echinococcosis
            • Neurocysticercosis
            • Schistosomiasis
            • Strongyloidiasis
            • Toxocariasis
            • Trichinosis
          • Immunosuppression in Cancer Patients
          • Intraparenchymal Abscess
          • Lyme Disease
            • Diagnosis
            • Early Disseminated Infection
            • Early Localized Infection
            • Late Disseminated Infection
            • Treatment
          • Malaria
          • Mycobacterial Infections
            • CNS Tuberculoma
            • Tuberculous Meningitis
          • Mycoplasmal Infections
          • Noninfectious Causes of Meningitis
          • Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
          • References
          • Seizure Complications of Antibacterial Treatment
          • Slow Virus Infections
          • Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
          • Subdural Empyema
          • Syphilis
          • Toxoplasmosis
          • Trypanosomiasis
          • Viral Infections
            • Arboviruses
            • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
            • Enteroviruses
            • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
            • HHV-6 encephalitis
            • Herpes Encephalitis
            • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
            • Rabies
            • Viral CNS Syndromes with Potential Seizure Complications - table
        • Inflammatory Disorders
          • Crohn's Disease
        • Metabolic Disorders
          • Adrenal Insufficiency
          • Electrolyte Abnormalities
            • Hypernatremia
            • Hypocalcemia
            • Hypoglycemia
            • Hypomagnesemia
            • Hyponatremia
            • Nonketotic Hyperglycemia
          • Hyperthyroidism
          • Hypoparathyroidism
          • Inborn Errors
            • Gaucher's Disease
            • Hepatic Porphyria
            • Mucopolysaccharidoses
            • Niemann-Pick Disease
            • Phenylketonuria
          • References
        • Migraine & Epilepsy
          • Classification
          • Clinical Features
          • Epidemiologic Connections
          • Headache as a Consequence of Seizures
          • Migraine & Epilepsy - table
          • Migraine-Epilepsy Syndromes
          • Phases
          • References
          • The EEG
          • Treatment Considerations
          • Variants Confused with Epilepsy
        • Renal Disorders
          • Aluminum Encephalopathy Syndrome
          • Correction for Hemodialysis
          • Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
          • Dialysis Encephalopathy Syndrome
          • Drug Dosing Rate Adjustments
          • Effects of Hemodialysis
          • Effects on Specific AEDs
            • Carbamazepine
            • Clonazepam
            • Ethosuximide
            • Felbamate
            • Fosphenytoin
            • Gabapentin
            • Lamotrigine
            • Levetiracetam
            • Oxcarbazepine
            • Phenobarbital
            • Phenytoin
            • Primidone
            • Tiagabine
            • Topiramate
            • Valproate
            • Zonisamide
          • Effects on Steady-State Plasma Concentration
          • Physiology of Drug Clearance
          • References
          • Uremic Encephalopathy
        • Sleep Disorders
          • Approach to Daytime Sleepiness
          • Approach to Insomnia
          • Classification
          • Differential Diagnosis
          • Effects of AEDs on Sleep
          • Effects of IEDs on Sleep
          • Effects of Seizures on Sleep
          • Fundamentals
          • Idiopathic CNS Hypersomnia
          • Insomnia
          • Narcolepsy
          • Periodic Limb Movements and Restless Legs Syndrome
          • References
          • Sleep Apnea
        • Transplantation & Seizures
          • Acute Management
          • Bone Marrow
          • Chronic Management
          • Diagnostic Approach
          • Heart
          • Kidney
          • Liver
          • Lung
          • Pancreas
          • References
        • Pulmonary Disorders
          • Focal Cortical or Limbic-Onset Seizures
          • Generalized Seizures or SE
          • References
          • Respiratory Effects of AEDs
          • Respiratory Insufficiency
          • Sleep Apnea Syndrome
          • Theophylline Toxicity
      • Specialized Populations
        • Men
          • Effects of AEDs
          • Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
          • Male Infertility
          • Male Contraception
          • Effects of AEDs on Male Maturation
          • Effects on Sexual Function
          • A Commentary: The Effects of AEDS on Male Hormones
          • References
        • Seniors
          • Common Causes
          • Strokes
          • Seizure Presentation
          • Causes of Episodic Neurologic Dysfunction
          • Evaluation of First Seizure
          • First Seizure Treatment
          • Choosing AEDs for Seniors
          • Pharmacokinetics
          • Prognosis and Quality of Life
          • Long-term Management
          • Surgery
          • Status Epilepticus
          • References
        • Women
          • Physician's Discussion Checklist for Women with Epilepsy
          • Discussion Guide
          • New Evidence for Heightened Obstetrical Risk in Women with Epilepsy
      • Diagnosis & Treatment
        • The Epilepsy Clinic–Test Your Clinical Knowledge
          • AED Withdrawl and CAAEEG
          • Artifact Read as GSW in Vertigo
          • DT Tractography
          • Dementia and EEG
          • Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Dementia
          • Generic Drugs and Epilepsy
          • How Can EEG Help After a Seizure?
          • IED Frequency and Seizure Severity
          • Ictal Asystole
          • Jeavon's Syndrome
          • Lambda Waves
          • Left ATL and Memory Outcome
          • Post TLE AED Withdrawl
          • Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy
          • Rasmussen Encephalitis and Hemispherectomy
          • Rett Syndrome
          • SISCOM
          • Spells and Abnormal EEG
          • Spells and Cerebrovascular Disease
          • The Interictal-Ictal Continuum
          • Wada Testing and Functional MRI
          • What are the Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Epilepsy in the Elderly?
          • What is the Importance of Classification?
          • When Do You Consider Epilepsy Drug Resistant?
          • Why Delay?
          • Wickets and Surgical Delay
          • iEEG and discordant scEEG
          • mTLE and Seizures after LATL
        • Epilepsy Care Quality Measures
          • Evaluation of a First Seizure
          • New Onset Epilepsy
          • Patients with Refractory Seizures
          • Women of Childbearing Potential
          • Patient-Identified Quality Measures
        • Disgnostic Evaluation of Autoimmune Epilepsy
        • Drugs & Their Contribution to Seizures
          • Metabolic Encephalopathy
          • Surgery and Anesthesia
          • Antimicrobial Drugs and Immunosuppression
          • Differentiating Nonepileptic Behavior
          • Antidepressants
          • Antipsychotics
          • Anxiolytics and Hypnotics
          • Amphetamines
          • AEDs that can Cause Seizures
          • OTC and Herbal Medicines
          • Alcohol
          • Cocaine
          • Illicit Stimulants
          • Opioids and CNS Depressants
          • References
        • Emergency Department Care
          • Acutely Seizing Patients
            • Absence Seizures
            • Myoclonic Seizures
            • Nonepileptic Psychogenic Seizures
          • Approach to Epilepsy
            • Treating Convulsive SE
          • First or Unknown Seizure History Visits
          • Non-Seizure Visits
          • Post-Seizure Visits
            • Abnormal Neuroimaging
            • Abnormal Postictal Labs
            • Abnormal Postictal Neurologic Exam
            • Changes in Duration, Frequency, or Type
          • References
        • ICU Care
          • Electively Admitted: Pharmacologic Concerns
          • Electively Admitted: Treating Seizures
          • Emergently Admitted: Pharmacologic Concerns
          • Emergently Admitted: Treating Seizures
          • References
        • Ketogenic Diet
        • Non-Drug Therapies
        • Procedures in Epilepsy Patients
          • Premedication
          • Anesthesia
          • General Anesthetics
            • Barbiturates
            • Benzodiazepines
            • Enflurane
            • Etomidate
            • Ketamine
            • Opioids
            • Other Inhalational Agents
            • Propofol
          • Local Anesthesia
            • Lidocaine
            • Other Local Anesthetics
          • Anesthetic Adjuvants
          • Non-Opioid Analgesics
          • Preoperative Planning and Management
          • Dental Procedures
          • References
        • Psychotropic Effects on Developmental Disabilities
          • Adminstration of AEDs
          • Clinical Effects of AEDs
          • Specific AEDs
            • Barbiturates
            • Benzodiazepines
            • Carbamazepine
            • Ethosuximide
            • Felbamate
            • Gabapentin
            • Lamotrigine
            • Phenytoin
            • Tiagabine
            • Topiramate
            • Valproic Acid
            • Vigabatrin
          • Vagus Nerve Stimulation
          • References
        • Surgery
          • Children with Medically Refractory Epilepsy
            • Case Illustrations
            • Rationale for Surgery
          • Corpus Callosotomy
          • Hemispherectomy
          • Implanted EEG Electrodes
          • Lobectomy Outlook
          • Neurostimulation for Epilepsy
          • Presurgical Evaluation
            • Pre-surgery Intracranial Monitoring: Stereo-EEG Versus Subdural Electrodes
          • Procedures
          • Radiosurgery for Epilepsy
          • Readings
          • Who is a Candidate?
        • Therapeutic and Generic Substitutions
          • Article : Generic and Brand Name AEDs – Considerations for Clinicians and Patients
          • Medicaid AED Rules for Generic Substitutions by State
          • Powerpoint Presentation : Generic and Brand Name AEDs – Considerations for Clinicians
        • Treatment
          • Therapy Goals
          • 9 Steps of Treatment
            • 1) Diagnosis
            • 2) When to Start
            • 3) Choosing Medication
            • 4) Initiating Treatment
            • 5) Detecting Noncompliance
            • 6) Managing Side Effects
            • 7) Interaction Awareness
            • 8) Monitoring AED Levels
            • 9) Discontinuing Treatment
          • AEDs and Pregnancy
          • Managing Psychosocial Stress
          • References
        • Vagus Nerve Stimulation
          • SUDEP, VNS and the FDA
        • A Potential New Therapy for Neonatal Seizures
        • Basic Science of EEG
        • Prospects for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Epilepsy
      • Refractory Seizures
        • Overview
          • Goals of Therapy
          • Importance of Seizure Freedom
          • Definition of Refractory Seizures
        • Epidemiology and Difficult-to-Treat Epilepsies
          • Epidemiology
          • Difficult to Treat or Progressive Epilepsy Syndromes
        • Potentially Remediable Causes
          • Wrong Diagnosis
          • Correct AED, but Inadequate Treatment
          • Noncompliance
          • Progressive Lesions
          • Seizure Clusters
          • Exacerbation by Medical Conditions
          • Catamenial Epilepsy
          • Exposure to Seizure Triggers
        • Actions to Take
          • Quality Care Indicators for Patients with Refractory Seizures
          • Identify and Reduce Triggers
          • Diagnostic Evaluation
          • AED Changes
          • Surgical Evaluation
          • Non-Pharmacological Therapies
          • Seizure Preparedness; Safety Plan
      • Challenging Cases
        • Vigabatrin Treatment In A Patient With Visual Field Defects: What To Do?
        • Left Arm and Leg Shaking in a Patient with a History of Treated Syphilis
        • The Value of Diagnostic Persistence
        • Syncope In A Patient With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
        • Seizure Relapse 13 Years After Successful Surgery
        • If At First You Don’t Succeed...
        • Attacks of Rising Sensations, Pallor and Loss of Consciousness
        • Epileptic Falls Due to the Heart
        • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
      • Continuing Medical Education
        • Improved Patient Safety in Epilepsy Monitoring Units
        • SUDEP Counseling: Risk Management for Clinicians
      • Resource Library
        • Newly Published Epilepsy Related Books
        • Announcements
          • AAN & AES New Guidelines Focus on Women with Epilepsy and Pregnancy
          • CDC Releases Report on Effects of Swine Flu in Children
          • DBS Therapy for Epilepsy Received Approval for the Treatment of Refractory Epilepsy in Europe
          • Department of Defense Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program FY10 Program Announcements Released
          • Dr. Solomon L. Moshé Elected President of The International League Against Epilepsy
          • FDA Approves Generic Topamax to Prevent Seizures
          • FDA Comment Period on Rare Diseases
          • Info for All the Entrepreneurs Working in Epilepsy
          • Neurotech Bill Introduced in Both Senate and House of Representatives
          • New CDC Funding Opportunities for Epilepsy Research in 2010
          • Purple Day - Epilepsy Awareness Day - is March 26, 2010
          • Researchers Identify New Drug to Prevent Seizure Progression in Model of Epilepsy
          • Return of Yellow-Square Mysoline® (primidone, USP) 250 mg tablets
          • UCB Announces First Results From Phase III Brivaracetam Studies in Epilepsy
          • Upsher-Smith Laboratories Adds ITI-111 (Nasal Midazolam) to CNS Development Pipeline
          • Valproate (Depakote) Linked to Lower IQs in Babies
          • Zebinix Approved in the European Union
        • Epilepsy Medical Journal Links
        • How a National Institutes of Health Study Section Works
        • Anticonvulsant Screening Program
        • Conference News
          • 10th Antiepileptic Drug Trials Update: 2009
          • 2009 Epilepsy Pipeline Update
          • 2012 Epilepsy Pipeline Update Conference Webcasts
          • An Alternative to Open Surgery for Patients with Unilateral Medically Refractory Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
          • Are Newer Antiepileptic Drugs Being Used in the Elderly?
          • Are Those with Epilepsy Excessive Caffeine Drinkers?
          • How Effective is the Atkins Diet in Treating Medically Refractory Seizures?
          • How Parents Respond to Their Child's First Seizure
          • Pathways to Discovery in Epilepsy Research: Rethinking the Quest for Cures - Hoyer Lecture
          • Polyunsaturated Fats for Treatment of Refractory Epilepsy: Disappointing Results
          • Some Patients with Epilepsy Drive Against Doctors’ Orders
        • Quality-of-Life Tools
        • Epilepsy & Behavior Articles
          • Behavioral Aspects of Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
          • Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Association with Chronicity of Epilepsy and Iimpact on Quality of Life
          • Delivering the Diagnosis of Psychogenic Pseudoseizures: Should the Neurologist or the Psychiatrist be Responsible?
          • Herbal Medicines and Epilepsy: The Potential for Benefit and Adverse Effects
          • Mood Disorders are Linked to Health-related Quality of Life in Epilepsy
          • Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy in Children
          • Presentation, Evaluation, and Treatment of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
          • Psychosis of Epilepsy: A Neurologist's Perspective
          • The Etiology and Diagnosis of Status Epilepticus
          • The Frontal Lobes, Epilepsy, and Behavior
          • The Use of Sertraline in Patients with Epilepsy: Is it Safe?
          • Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Epilepsy
          • When did Neurologists and Psychiatrists Stop Talking to Each Other?
        • Links
          • Books about Epilepsy
          • Brain Anatomy and Neurosciences
          • Career and Rehabilitation
          • Devices and Equipment
          • Epilepsy Journals
          • Epilepsy Websites
          • Epilepsy-Related Organizations
          • General Health Websites
          • Informacíon en Español
          • Information in Other Languages
          • Information on the Ketogenic Diet
          • Online and Mail-Order Pharmacies
          • Prescription Drug Assistance Programs
          • Recreation and Leisure Activities
          • Recreational Therapy Organizations
          • Services for Children and Their Families
        • Newsletter Archive
        • Articles and Videos
          • Epilepsy Must Become a Higher Government Priority
          • Extended Release Oxcarbazepine and Topiramate Approved
          • FDA Approves Eisai's AMPA Receptor Antagonist
          • AES Meeting in San Antonio - Highlights of the Latest Research Blog
        • Sources of Funding
        • Stories from Professionals
          • A Gift of Hope
          • A Therapeutic Experience
          • A Treasure Beyond Price
          • Cultivating Compassion: One Doctor’s Journey
          • Do No Harm
          • Lending Support
          • Noncompliance: Breaking the Cycle
          • SUDEP: A Doctor’s Struggle
          • Safety First: A Nurse’s Story
          • The Wisdom of Our Decisions
        • Tables
          • AED-AED interactions
          • AEDs for Rectal Administration
          • Age of Onset of Epilepsy
          • Anesthetic Drugs and the EEG
          • Anticonvulsant and Antimicrobial Cytochrome P-450 Effects
          • Antidepressants and Seizure Incidence
          • Antidepressants and their Metabolizing Enzymes
          • Antiepileptic Drug Preparations Delivered via Enteric Tubes
          • Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) in Transplantation Patients
          • Antipsychotic Drugs and their Metabolizing Enzymes
          • Antipsychotics and Seizure Incidence
          • Anxiolytic Drugs and their Metabolizing Enzymes
          • Assessment of Seizures and Developmental Disability
          • Choosing Antiepileptic Drugs
          • Common AED/Non-AED Interactions
          • Common Symptoms of Migraine and Epilepsy
          • Common and Rare AED Side Effects
          • Complications of Status Epilepticus
          • Diagnostic Criteria For ADHD
          • Differential Diagnosis of Nocturnal Events
          • Differential Diagnosis of Status Epilepticus
          • Drug Treatment
          • Drugs that May Lower Seizure Threshold
          • Epidemiologic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Aspects of CNS Fungal Infections
          • Etiology of Seizures and Epilepsy
          • Factors of Late Epilepsy
          • Genetic Forms of Epilepsy
          • Guidelines for Status Epilepticus Treatment
          • IQ Scores Before and After Status Epilepticus
          • Interactions: Antidepressants and Antiepileptic Drugs
          • Loading and Maintenance of AEDs
          • Major Antimicrobial-Anticonvulsant Interactions
          • Mechanism of Action in Commonly Used AEDs
          • Metabolic Disorders of Infantile Seizures
          • Migraine and Epilepsy
          • Migraine without Aura
          • Pentobarbital-Induced Anesthesia
          • Pharmacokinetics and Aging
          • Pharmacokinetics of AEDs
          • Prodrome and Aura in Migraine and Epilepsy
          • Protocol for Treatment of Status Epilepticus
          • Recommended Medications
          • Responder Rates
          • Risk of Drug Removal by Hemodialysis
          • Stimulants Used to Treat ADHD
          • Toxins and Drugs Reported to Induce Seizures
          • Types of Status Epilepticus
          • Use of Felbamate with Intractable Epilepsy
          • Viral CNS Syndromes with Potential Seizure Complications
  • Schools and Seizure Preparedness

Living with Epilepsy

  • Seizure First Aid and Safety
    • Staying Safe
      • Recognizing Risks
      • Types of Injuries
      • Safety at Home
      • Safety While Sleeping
      • Safety in the Kitchen
      • Safety at Work
      • Safety with Exercise and Sports
      • Safety at Camp
      • Infographic
      • Fall Safely
      • Preparing for Severe Weather and Other Emergencies and the Aftermath
    • First Aid for Seizures - Stay, Safe, Side
    • Videos to Learn Seizure First Aid
    • Adapting First Aid Plans
      • First Aid for Focal Aware (simple partial) Seizures
      • First Aid for Focal Impaired Awareness (complex partial) Seizures
      • First Aid for Absence Seizures
      • First Aid for Atonic and Tonic Seizures
      • First Aid for Tonic-Clonic Seizures
      • Seizures in Water
      • Seizures in Airplanes
      • What Else Can I Do to Help?
    • Responding to Seizures
      • Using Rescue Medications
      • Using VNS Magnet
    • Getting Emergency Help
    • Help After a Seizure
    • Seizure Dogs
      • Seizure Dogs: Q&A
      • Seizure Dogs: Children and Parent Partners
      • Personal Experience with a Seizure Dog: A conversation with Allison and Carol
      • Personal Story of a Seizure Dog: Spencer and Lucia
      • Perspective: Training Seizure Dogs
      • General Rights of Individuals with Service Animals
  • Our Training and Education
    • School Nurse Training
    • Seizure Training for School Personnel
  • Healthy Living
    • Emotional Health
      • Overview of Depression
      • Diagnosing Depression
      • Managing Depression
    • Stress and Wellness
      • Causes and Signs of Stress
      • Managing Stress
      • Mindfulness & Epilepsy
    • Sleep and Wellness
    • Healthy Eating
      • Our Wellness Institute Partner - The Charlie Foundation
      • Nutrition and Seizure Control
      • The Charlie Foundation's Pantry
        • Dill Pickle & Avocado Relish
        • Charlie Chocolate Bites
        • Cool & Spicy Jicama Slaw
        • Enjoy Asparagus in Spring
        • Snap Pea and Spring Onion Salad
        • Spaghetti Squash is the New Pasta
        • The Charlie Bar
      • Healthy Eating Video Library
    • Fitness and Exercise
      • Benefits of Exercise
      • Exercise and Epilepsy
      • Safety First: How Do I Start Exercising?
      • Basics of an Exercise Program
      • Exercise FAQs
  • Driving and Transportation
    • State Driving Laws Database
    • Transportation
  • Independent Living
    • Employment
      • Finding Employment
      • Disclosing Epilepsy
      • Medical Exams and Questions
      • Safety Sensitive Jobs
        • Air Traffic Controller
        • Border Patrol Agent
        • Commercial Truck Driver
        • FBI Agent
        • Law Enforcement and Firefighters
        • Medical Personnel (Physicians, Nurses, and Medical Residents)
        • Military Service
        • Pilot and Other Airline Positions
        • U.S. Postal Service Mail Carrier
      • Changing Jobs
      • Reasonable Accommodations
    • Financial Planning
      • Financial Concerns for Families
      • Financial Planning for a Child
    • Health Coverage
  • Legal Help
    • About Jeanne Carpenter
    • Your Legal Rights
    • Disability Resources
    • Finding Legal Help
    • Make a Donation
    • Resources for Attorneys
      • Child Care/Camps/Rec. Programs Briefs
      • Criminal Justice Briefs
      • Discrimination in Federally Funded Programs Briefs
      • Driving Briefs
      • Education Briefs
      • Employment Briefs
      • First Responders and Seizure Management Briefs
      • Institutionalization Briefs
      • Insurance Briefs
      • Physician Liability Briefs
      • Service Animals Briefs
      • Social Security Benefits Briefs
      • Transportation Briefs
    • Join Our Network
  • EF My Seizure Diary
    • Diary Help
    • Companion Apps Download
  • Toolbox
    • New to Seizures and Epilepsy
    • Seizure First Aid Resources
    • Medication Tools
    • Non-Medication Treatment Factsheets
    • Wellness Support Tools
    • Seizure Forms
    • Lifestyle and Communication Tools
    • WebEase
  • Epilepsy and ...
    • Parents and Caregivers
      • Parents
      • About Newborns and Infants
        • Seizures in Newborns
        • Diagnosis of Infant Seizures
      • About Kids
        • Types of Seizures
        • Seizure First Aid
        • Diagnosing Seizures
        • Signs & Symptoms
        • Conditions Confused with Epilepsy
        • Causes of Epilepsy in Childhood
        • Seizure Triggers in Children
        • Related Conditions
        • When It's More Than Just Seizures
        • Your Medical Team
        • Treatment Options
        • Treatment with Medication
        • Managing Seizure Medications
        • How Long Do Children Need Seizure Medicine?
        • Dietary Therapy
        • Your Child at Home
        • Your Child at School and Child Care
        • Playing Sports and Other Activities
      • About Teens with Epilepsy
        • Driving and Transportation
        • Dating
        • Parent and Peer Relationships
        • Medication
        • Drugs and Alcohol
        • Employment
      • Talking to Kids about Epilepsy
      • Helping Others Understand
        • Educating Teens and Adults
        • Explaining Epilepsy to Children and Family
        • Fighting Stigma
      • Can Children Die from Epilepsy?
      • Childcare Professionals and Babysitters' Guide
        • Babysitter's Guide to First Aid
        • Managing Prolonged Seizures in Children
      • Parents Helping Parents
    • Young People
      • What Is Epilepsy?
      • Children Ages 5 - 11 and Parents
      • Pre-teen and Teenage Girls with Epilepsy
      • Pre-teen and Teenage Boys with Epilepsy
      • School and Learning Difficulties for Teens with Epilepsy
      • FAQ for Teens
      • Living With Epilepsy
      • Talking About Epilepsy
        • Talking with Friends and Family
        • Talking with School and Medical Staff
      • Seizures In School
      • Work and College
        • Choosing a College
        • Scholarships
        • Attending College
      • Driving
      • Dating
      • Sexual Activities
      • Alcohol And Drugs
      • Sports And Safety
        • Safety During the Summer
      • Teens Resources
      • Epilepsy Quiz
        • Epilepsy Quiz - Answer Sheet
      • Transition of Medical Care
    • Women
      • Women FAQ
      • For Young Women
        • Menstruation
      • For All Women
        • Contraception
        • Unplanned Pregnancy
        • Hormones And Epilepsy
        • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
        • Epilepsy And Sexual Relationships
        • Folic Acid
        • Bone Health
      • Epilepsy and Pregnancy
        • Does Epilepsy Affect Fertility?
        • Preparing for Pregnancy
        • Risks During Pregnancy
        • Seizures, Medications and Pregnancy
        • Specific Problems Affecting Infants
        • Breastfeeding
        • After the Baby is Born
        • Discussion Checklist
      • FDA Guidelines
      • Menopause And Epilepsy
      • Studies and Registries for Women
    • Men
    • Older Adults
      • Seniors With Epilepsy
      • Types of Seizures
      • Seizure Recognition And First Aid
      • Causes Of Epilepsy
      • Getting A Diagnosis
      • Effects Of Epilepsy Medications
      • Side Effects
      • Falls During Seizures
      • Treating Epilepsy In Seniors
      • Effects Of Epilepsy On Seniors
      • Living Independently
      • Safety Issues
      • Caregivers
    • Latinos
      • Trabajando Con Su Equipo Médico
      • Factores Que Pueden Provocar Crisis Epilépticas
      • Primeros Auxilios Para Crisis Epilépticas
      • Seguridad General
      • SUDEP: Muerte Súbita Inesperada en Epilepsia
      • Tratamientos
      • Crisis Epilépticas En Los Niños
      • La Epilepsia En Las Mujeres
      • Mas Información Y Recursos
    • African Americans
      • African American Outreach
      • Furthering Campus-Community Partnerships for Epilepsy Education
    • Asian Americans
    • Veterans
      • For Family Members
      • For Healthcare Professionals
      • Veterans Program
    • Professional Health Care Providers
      • Seizures in Adults (Connectors Project)
      • AAN/AES SUDEP Guideline for Professionals
      • Videos About Epilepsy and Cannabis
      • Seizure Dogs: What Providers Need to Know
      • Hallway Conversations
      • GW Grand Rounds Series
      • Epilepsy Innovation Institute
      • Epilepsy Foundation Pipeline Conferences
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session I & II
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session III
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session IV
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session V, VI and Lifetime Accelerator Award
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session VII
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session VIII
        • Epilepsy Pipeline 2014 - Session IX, Shark Tank Competition and Closing Remarks
      • Joint Content Partnership with AES
        • Epilepsy Comorbidities
        • How Device Trials Work
        • Patient Safety in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit
        • PAME Conference Wrapup Podcast
        • Podcast on Epilepsy Surgery
        • SUDEP FAQ for Professionals
        • Biomarkers in Epilepsy: The Latest Research
        • Cannabinoids in Medically Refractory Epilepsy
        • Epilepsy Quality Measures
        • First Seizure Guidelines
        • Generic Antiepileptic Drugs - Results of FDA Research
        • My Seizures, Know More
        • New Status Epilepticus Guidelines
        • New Treatment Strategies For Neurodevelopmental Epilepsies
        • New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE)
        • Obstacles in Epilepsy Diagnosis: If You Don't Ask, They Won't Tell
        • Podcast on Electrophysiological Biomarkers
        • Seizure Emergencies
        • The Complex Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Epilepsy
      • Educational Webcasts & Web Links
        • AED Mechanisms of Actions Roundtable
        • Adverse Effects Related to Medication Roundtable
        • An Algorithm on the Diagnosis of Nonlesional Epilepsy
        • An Algorithm on the Treatment of Epilepsy in Patients with a Normal MRI
        • Treatment for Patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Roundtable
      • About Epilepsy & Seizures
        • EpiNet Seizure Classification Teaching Module
        • Classifying Seizures
          • Distinguishing Factors
          • Generalized Seizures
            • Absence
            • Atonic
            • Clonic
            • Myoclonic
            • Tonic
            • Tonic-clonic
          • Nonepileptic Seizures
            • Causes
            • Diagnosis
              • Clues from the Event
              • Video-EEG Monitoring
            • Talking to the Patient
            • Treatment and Outlook
            • Readings
          • References
          • Status Epilepticus
            • Convulsive SE
              • Complications and Prognosis
              • Symptoms and Causes
            • Less Obvious SE
            • Diagnosing SE
            • Managing Status Epilepticus
              • Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
              • Valproic Acid
              • Phenobarbital
              • Diazepam
              • Lorazepam
              • Midazolam and Clonazepam
              • Continuous Anesthesia for Refractory SE
              • Medical Treatment of Other Forms of SE
              • Troubleshooting
            • Readings
        • Overview of Epilepsy Syndromes
          • Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures
          • Benign Neonatal Convulsions
          • Benign Rolandic
          • CEOP
          • Childhood Absence (Pyknolepsy)
          • Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy
          • Grand Mal Seizures on Awakening
          • Infant Benign Myoclonic
          • Infant Severe Myoclonic
          • Juvenile Myoclonic
          • Myoclonic-Astatic Seizures
          • Ring Chromosome 20 Syndrome
            • Ring Chromosome 20 Symptom List
          • Unverricht-Lundborg Disease
          • References
        • Neonatal Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes
          • Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures
          • Benign Neonatal Seizures (Non-Familial)
          • Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy
        • Idiopathic Epileptic Seizures and Syndromes in Infancy
          • Benign Familial and Non-Familial Infantile Seizures (Watanabe-Vigevano Syndrome)
          • Benign Myoclonic Epilepsy in Infancy
          • Febrile Seizures
          • Generalized Epilepsies with Febrile Seizures Plus (GEFS ; Autosomal Dominant Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus)
        • Epileptic Encephalopathies in Infancy and Childhood
          • Hypothalamic (Gelastic) Epilepsy
          • Myoclonic Status in Non-Progressive Encephalopathies
        • Severe Neocortical Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy and Childhood
          • Epilepsia Partialis Continua of Kozhevnikov
          • Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia Epilepsy Syndrome
          • Kozhevnikov-Rasmussen Syndrome
          • Migrating Focal Seizures of Infancy
        • Benign Childhood Focal Seizures
          • Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (Rolandic Seizures)
          • Gastaut-Type Idiopathic Childhood Occipital Epilepsy
        • Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies
          • Childhood Absence Epilepsy
          • Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures Only
          • Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy with Phantom Absences
          • Juvenile Absence Epilepsy
          • Perioral Myoclonia with Absences
        • Familial (Autosomal Dominant) Focal Epilepsies
          • Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (ADNFLE)
          • Familial Autosomal Dominant Lateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (Autosomal Dominant Focal Epilepsy with Auditory Features)
          • Familial Focal Epilepsy with Variable Foci
          • Familial Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
        • Symptomatic and Probably Symptomatic Focal Epilepsies
          • Common Frontal Lobe Seizures Depending on Localization
          • Frontal Lobe Epilepsies
          • Lateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
          • Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis
          • Occipital Lobe Epilepsies
          • Parietal Lobe Epilepsies
          • Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE)
        • Reflex Seizures and Related Epileptic Syndromes
          • Idiopathic Photosensitive Occipital Lobe Epilepsy
          • Idiopathic Reading Epilepsy
          • Jeavons Syndrome (Eyelid Myoclonia with Absences)
          • Photosensitive Epilepsy
          • Self-Induced Seizures
          • Startle Epilepsy (Startle-Induced Seizures)
          • Television Epilepsy
          • Video Game-Induced Seizures (VGS)
        • Hormones and Epilepsy
          • Catamenial Epilepsy
            • Patterns and Causes
            • Evaluation
            • Treatment
          • Effects on Other Hormones
          • Female Reproductive Endocrine Function
            • Evaluating Reproductive Dysfunction
          • Female Sexuality/Reproduction and AEDs
          • Male Reproductive Endocrine Function
          • Male Sexuality/Reproduction and AEDs
          • Menarche
          • Menopause and Perimenopause
          • Other Hormonal Systems and AEDs
          • Postictal Prolactin Testing
          • Reproductive issues
            • Contraception
            • Fertility
            • Obstetrical Risks
            • Seizures During Pregnancy
            • AED Management During Pregnancy
            • Teratogenicity
            • Monitoring Pregnancy in Women with Epilepsy
            • Breastfeeding
          • References
        • Psychiatric and Behavioral Aspects
          • Effects of Treatment
          • Evaluating Psychiatric Symptoms
          • Influence of Seizure Types
          • Interictal Behaviors of TLE
          • Psychiatric Predispositions
          • Psychiatric Symptoms
            • Depression
            • Psychosis
            • Forced Normalization
            • Aggression
            • Other Psychiatric Symptoms
          • Treatment of Psychiatric Complications
          • Readings
      • Co-Existing Disorders
        • Brain Tumors
          • Pathophysiology
          • Clues to anatomic location
          • Neuroimaging
          • Astrocytoma
          • Oligodendroglioma
          • Ganglioglioma
          • DNETs
          • Meningioma
          • Metastatic
          • Treatment
          • Prophylaxis
          • AED Treatment
          • Surgical Planning and Prep
          • Postoperative Complications
          • Future Trends
          • References
        • Cardiac Disorders
          • Arrhythmias
          • Assessment: Neurologic or Cardiac?
          • Complications
          • Congenital Heart Disease
          • Managing Cardiac Disease
          • Managing Epilepsy
          • Myocardial Infarction
          • References
          • Valve Disease
        • Cerebrovascular Disease
          • Ischemic Etiologies
          • Hemorrhagic Etiologies
          • Other Etiologies
          • Epidemiology of Stroke
          • Incidence and Risk Factors for Seizures
          • Types of Seizures
          • Assessment of Seizures
          • Differential Diagnosis
          • Treatment of Seizures
            • Phenytoin
            • Phenobarbital
            • Carbamazepine
            • Valproate
            • Other AEDs
            • Special Situations
          • Prognosis
          • References
        • Developmental Disorders
          • Childhood-specific epilepsies with DD
            • Mechanisms of seizure-induced brain damage
              • Recurrent Seizures: Damage to the Developing Brain
              • Status Epilepticus : Damage to the Developing Brain
            • References
          • Metabolic and Genetic Disorders
            • Family History
            • Physical Examination
            • Neurologic Examination
            • Age of Onset
              • Age of Onset - table
            • Seizure Frequency and Types
            • Diagnostic Testing
              • Diagnostic Testing - table
            • Identifying the Locus
              • Identifying the Locus - table
            • Treatment
            • References
        • Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease
          • Gastrointestinal disease
          • Liver Disease
          • Effects on specific AEDs
            • Carbamazepine
            • Ethosuximide
            • Felbamate
            • Gabapentin
            • Lamotrigine
            • Levetiracetam
            • Oxcarbazepine
            • Phenobarbital
            • Phenytoin
            • Tiagabine
            • Topiramate
            • Valproic acid
            • Zonisamide
          • References
          • Choosing and monitoring AEDs
        • Head Trauma & Post-Traumatic Epilepsy
          • Management Guidelines
          • Mechanisms of Brain Injury
            • Biochemical Effects
            • Can Responses be Altered?
            • Cellular Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis
            • Genetic and Molecular Factors
          • Prevention and Prophylaxis
          • References
          • Risks
        • Hematologic Disorders
          • Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy
          • Aplastic Anemia
          • Bone Marrow Transplantation
          • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
          • Folate Deficiency
          • Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
          • Newborn Hemorrhagic Disease
          • Proliferative Disorders
          • References
          • Sickle Cell Disease
          • Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
        • Infectious States & Seizures
          • Amebic Parasitic Infections
          • Bacterial Meningitis
            • Diagnosis
            • Epidemiology
            • Seizure Complications
            • Treatment
          • Epidural Abscess
          • Epilepsy & TB treatment
          • Epilepsy as a Consequence of Infection
          • Febrile Seizures
          • Fungal Infections
          • Helminthic parasitic Infections
            • Angiostrongyliasis
            • Echinococcosis
            • Neurocysticercosis
            • Schistosomiasis
            • Strongyloidiasis
            • Toxocariasis
            • Trichinosis
          • Immunosuppression in Cancer Patients
          • Intraparenchymal Abscess
          • Lyme Disease
            • Diagnosis
            • Early Disseminated Infection
            • Early Localized Infection
            • Late Disseminated Infection
            • Treatment
          • Malaria
          • Mycobacterial Infections
            • CNS Tuberculoma
            • Tuberculous Meningitis
          • Mycoplasmal Infections
          • Noninfectious Causes of Meningitis
          • Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
          • References
          • Seizure Complications of Antibacterial Treatment
          • Slow Virus Infections
          • Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
          • Subdural Empyema
          • Syphilis
          • Toxoplasmosis
          • Trypanosomiasis
          • Viral Infections
            • Arboviruses
            • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
            • Enteroviruses
            • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
            • HHV-6 encephalitis
            • Herpes Encephalitis
            • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
            • Rabies
            • Viral CNS Syndromes with Potential Seizure Complications - table
        • Inflammatory Disorders
          • Crohn's Disease
        • Metabolic Disorders
          • Adrenal Insufficiency
          • Electrolyte Abnormalities
            • Hypernatremia
            • Hypocalcemia
            • Hypoglycemia
            • Hypomagnesemia
            • Hyponatremia
            • Nonketotic Hyperglycemia
          • Hyperthyroidism
          • Hypoparathyroidism
          • Inborn Errors
            • Gaucher's Disease
            • Hepatic Porphyria
            • Mucopolysaccharidoses
            • Niemann-Pick Disease
            • Phenylketonuria
          • References
        • Migraine & Epilepsy
          • Classification
          • Clinical Features
          • Epidemiologic Connections
          • Headache as a Consequence of Seizures
          • Migraine & Epilepsy - table
          • Migraine-Epilepsy Syndromes
          • Phases
          • References
          • The EEG
          • Treatment Considerations
          • Variants Confused with Epilepsy
        • Renal Disorders
          • Aluminum Encephalopathy Syndrome
          • Correction for Hemodialysis
          • Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
          • Dialysis Encephalopathy Syndrome
          • Drug Dosing Rate Adjustments
          • Effects of Hemodialysis
          • Effects on Specific AEDs
            • Carbamazepine
            • Clonazepam
            • Ethosuximide
            • Felbamate
            • Fosphenytoin
            • Gabapentin
            • Lamotrigine
            • Levetiracetam
            • Oxcarbazepine
            • Phenobarbital
            • Phenytoin
            • Primidone
            • Tiagabine
            • Topiramate
            • Valproate
            • Zonisamide
          • Effects on Steady-State Plasma Concentration
          • Physiology of Drug Clearance
          • References
          • Uremic Encephalopathy
        • Sleep Disorders
          • Approach to Daytime Sleepiness
          • Approach to Insomnia
          • Classification
          • Differential Diagnosis
          • Effects of AEDs on Sleep
          • Effects of IEDs on Sleep
          • Effects of Seizures on Sleep
          • Fundamentals
          • Idiopathic CNS Hypersomnia
          • Insomnia
          • Narcolepsy
          • Periodic Limb Movements and Restless Legs Syndrome
          • References
          • Sleep Apnea
        • Transplantation & Seizures
          • Acute Management
          • Bone Marrow
          • Chronic Management
          • Diagnostic Approach
          • Heart
          • Kidney
          • Liver
          • Lung
          • Pancreas
          • References
        • Pulmonary Disorders
          • Focal Cortical or Limbic-Onset Seizures
          • Generalized Seizures or SE
          • References
          • Respiratory Effects of AEDs
          • Respiratory Insufficiency
          • Sleep Apnea Syndrome
          • Theophylline Toxicity
      • Specialized Populations
        • Men
          • Effects of AEDs
          • Reproductive Endocrine Disorders
          • Male Infertility
          • Male Contraception
          • Effects of AEDs on Male Maturation
          • Effects on Sexual Function
          • A Commentary: The Effects of AEDS on Male Hormones
          • References
        • Seniors
          • Common Causes
          • Strokes
          • Seizure Presentation
          • Causes of Episodic Neurologic Dysfunction
          • Evaluation of First Seizure
          • First Seizure Treatment
          • Choosing AEDs for Seniors
          • Pharmacokinetics
          • Prognosis and Quality of Life
          • Long-term Management
          • Surgery
          • Status Epilepticus
          • References
        • Women
          • Physician's Discussion Checklist for Women with Epilepsy
          • Discussion Guide
          • New Evidence for Heightened Obstetrical Risk in Women with Epilepsy
      • Diagnosis & Treatment
        • The Epilepsy Clinic–Test Your Clinical Knowledge
          • AED Withdrawl and CAAEEG
          • Artifact Read as GSW in Vertigo
          • DT Tractography
          • Dementia and EEG
          • Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Dementia
          • Generic Drugs and Epilepsy
          • How Can EEG Help After a Seizure?
          • IED Frequency and Seizure Severity
          • Ictal Asystole
          • Jeavon's Syndrome
          • Lambda Waves
          • Left ATL and Memory Outcome
          • Post TLE AED Withdrawl
          • Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy
          • Rasmussen Encephalitis and Hemispherectomy
          • Rett Syndrome
          • SISCOM
          • Spells and Abnormal EEG
          • Spells and Cerebrovascular Disease
          • The Interictal-Ictal Continuum
          • Wada Testing and Functional MRI
          • What are the Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Epilepsy in the Elderly?
          • What is the Importance of Classification?
          • When Do You Consider Epilepsy Drug Resistant?
          • Why Delay?
          • Wickets and Surgical Delay
          • iEEG and discordant scEEG
          • mTLE and Seizures after LATL
        • Epilepsy Care Quality Measures
          • Evaluation of a First Seizure
          • New Onset Epilepsy
          • Patients with Refractory Seizures
          • Women of Childbearing Potential
          • Patient-Identified Quality Measures
        • Disgnostic Evaluation of Autoimmune Epilepsy
        • Drugs & Their Contribution to Seizures
          • Metabolic Encephalopathy
          • Surgery and Anesthesia
          • Antimicrobial Drugs and Immunosuppression
          • Differentiating Nonepileptic Behavior
          • Antidepressants
          • Antipsychotics
          • Anxiolytics and Hypnotics
          • Amphetamines
          • AEDs that can Cause Seizures
          • OTC and Herbal Medicines
          • Alcohol
          • Cocaine
          • Illicit Stimulants
          • Opioids and CNS Depressants
          • References
        • Emergency Department Care
          • Acutely Seizing Patients
            • Absence Seizures
            • Myoclonic Seizures
            • Nonepileptic Psychogenic Seizures
          • Approach to Epilepsy
            • Treating Convulsive SE
          • First or Unknown Seizure History Visits
          • Non-Seizure Visits
          • Post-Seizure Visits
            • Abnormal Neuroimaging
            • Abnormal Postictal Labs
            • Abnormal Postictal Neurologic Exam
            • Changes in Duration, Frequency, or Type
          • References
        • ICU Care
          • Electively Admitted: Pharmacologic Concerns
          • Electively Admitted: Treating Seizures
          • Emergently Admitted: Pharmacologic Concerns
          • Emergently Admitted: Treating Seizures
          • References
        • Ketogenic Diet
        • Non-Drug Therapies
        • Procedures in Epilepsy Patients
          • Premedication
          • Anesthesia
          • General Anesthetics
            • Barbiturates
            • Benzodiazepines
            • Enflurane
            • Etomidate
            • Ketamine
            • Opioids
            • Other Inhalational Agents
            • Propofol
          • Local Anesthesia
            • Lidocaine
            • Other Local Anesthetics
          • Anesthetic Adjuvants
          • Non-Opioid Analgesics
          • Preoperative Planning and Management
          • Dental Procedures
          • References
        • Psychotropic Effects on Developmental Disabilities
          • Adminstration of AEDs
          • Clinical Effects of AEDs
          • Specific AEDs
            • Barbiturates
            • Benzodiazepines
            • Carbamazepine
            • Ethosuximide
            • Felbamate
            • Gabapentin
            • Lamotrigine
            • Phenytoin
            • Tiagabine
            • Topiramate
            • Valproic Acid
            • Vigabatrin
          • Vagus Nerve Stimulation
          • References
        • Surgery
          • Children with Medically Refractory Epilepsy
            • Case Illustrations
            • Rationale for Surgery
          • Corpus Callosotomy
          • Hemispherectomy
          • Implanted EEG Electrodes
          • Lobectomy Outlook
          • Neurostimulation for Epilepsy
          • Presurgical Evaluation
            • Pre-surgery Intracranial Monitoring: Stereo-EEG Versus Subdural Electrodes
          • Procedures
          • Radiosurgery for Epilepsy
          • Readings
          • Who is a Candidate?
        • Therapeutic and Generic Substitutions
          • Article : Generic and Brand Name AEDs – Considerations for Clinicians and Patients
          • Medicaid AED Rules for Generic Substitutions by State
          • Powerpoint Presentation : Generic and Brand Name AEDs – Considerations for Clinicians
        • Treatment
          • Therapy Goals
          • 9 Steps of Treatment
            • 1) Diagnosis
            • 2) When to Start
            • 3) Choosing Medication
            • 4) Initiating Treatment
            • 5) Detecting Noncompliance
            • 6) Managing Side Effects
            • 7) Interaction Awareness
            • 8) Monitoring AED Levels
            • 9) Discontinuing Treatment
          • AEDs and Pregnancy
          • Managing Psychosocial Stress
          • References
        • Vagus Nerve Stimulation
          • SUDEP, VNS and the FDA
        • A Potential New Therapy for Neonatal Seizures
        • Basic Science of EEG
        • Prospects for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Epilepsy
      • Refractory Seizures
        • Overview
          • Goals of Therapy
          • Importance of Seizure Freedom
          • Definition of Refractory Seizures
        • Epidemiology and Difficult-to-Treat Epilepsies
          • Epidemiology
          • Difficult to Treat or Progressive Epilepsy Syndromes
        • Potentially Remediable Causes
          • Wrong Diagnosis
          • Correct AED, but Inadequate Treatment
          • Noncompliance
          • Progressive Lesions
          • Seizure Clusters
          • Exacerbation by Medical Conditions
          • Catamenial Epilepsy
          • Exposure to Seizure Triggers
        • Actions to Take
          • Quality Care Indicators for Patients with Refractory Seizures
          • Identify and Reduce Triggers
          • Diagnostic Evaluation
          • AED Changes
          • Surgical Evaluation
          • Non-Pharmacological Therapies
          • Seizure Preparedness; Safety Plan
      • Challenging Cases
        • Vigabatrin Treatment In A Patient With Visual Field Defects: What To Do?
        • Left Arm and Leg Shaking in a Patient with a History of Treated Syphilis
        • The Value of Diagnostic Persistence
        • Syncope In A Patient With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
        • Seizure Relapse 13 Years After Successful Surgery
        • If At First You Don’t Succeed...
        • Attacks of Rising Sensations, Pallor and Loss of Consciousness
        • Epileptic Falls Due to the Heart
        • Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
      • Continuing Medical Education
        • Improved Patient Safety in Epilepsy Monitoring Units
        • SUDEP Counseling: Risk Management for Clinicians
      • Resource Library
        • Newly Published Epilepsy Related Books
        • Announcements
          • AAN & AES New Guidelines Focus on Women with Epilepsy and Pregnancy
          • CDC Releases Report on Effects of Swine Flu in Children
          • DBS Therapy for Epilepsy Received Approval for the Treatment of Refractory Epilepsy in Europe
          • Department of Defense Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program FY10 Program Announcements Released
          • Dr. Solomon L. Moshé Elected President of The International League Against Epilepsy
          • FDA Approves Generic Topamax to Prevent Seizures
          • FDA Comment Period on Rare Diseases
          • Info for All the Entrepreneurs Working in Epilepsy
          • Neurotech Bill Introduced in Both Senate and House of Representatives
          • New CDC Funding Opportunities for Epilepsy Research in 2010
          • Purple Day - Epilepsy Awareness Day - is March 26, 2010
          • Researchers Identify New Drug to Prevent Seizure Progression in Model of Epilepsy
          • Return of Yellow-Square Mysoline® (primidone, USP) 250 mg tablets
          • UCB Announces First Results From Phase III Brivaracetam Studies in Epilepsy
          • Upsher-Smith Laboratories Adds ITI-111 (Nasal Midazolam) to CNS Development Pipeline
          • Valproate (Depakote) Linked to Lower IQs in Babies
          • Zebinix Approved in the European Union
        • Epilepsy Medical Journal Links
        • How a National Institutes of Health Study Section Works
        • Anticonvulsant Screening Program
        • Conference News
          • 10th Antiepileptic Drug Trials Update: 2009
          • 2009 Epilepsy Pipeline Update
          • 2012 Epilepsy Pipeline Update Conference Webcasts
          • An Alternative to Open Surgery for Patients with Unilateral Medically Refractory Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
          • Are Newer Antiepileptic Drugs Being Used in the Elderly?
          • Are Those with Epilepsy Excessive Caffeine Drinkers?
          • How Effective is the Atkins Diet in Treating Medically Refractory Seizures?
          • How Parents Respond to Their Child's First Seizure
          • Pathways to Discovery in Epilepsy Research: Rethinking the Quest for Cures - Hoyer Lecture
          • Polyunsaturated Fats for Treatment of Refractory Epilepsy: Disappointing Results
          • Some Patients with Epilepsy Drive Against Doctors’ Orders
        • Quality-of-Life Tools
        • Epilepsy & Behavior Articles
          • Behavioral Aspects of Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
          • Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Association with Chronicity of Epilepsy and Iimpact on Quality of Life
          • Delivering the Diagnosis of Psychogenic Pseudoseizures: Should the Neurologist or the Psychiatrist be Responsible?
          • Herbal Medicines and Epilepsy: The Potential for Benefit and Adverse Effects
          • Mood Disorders are Linked to Health-related Quality of Life in Epilepsy
          • Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Epilepsy in Children
          • Presentation, Evaluation, and Treatment of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
          • Psychosis of Epilepsy: A Neurologist's Perspective
          • The Etiology and Diagnosis of Status Epilepticus
          • The Frontal Lobes, Epilepsy, and Behavior
          • The Use of Sertraline in Patients with Epilepsy: Is it Safe?
          • Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Epilepsy
          • When did Neurologists and Psychiatrists Stop Talking to Each Other?
        • Links
          • Books about Epilepsy
          • Brain Anatomy and Neurosciences
          • Career and Rehabilitation
          • Devices and Equipment
          • Epilepsy Journals
          • Epilepsy Websites
          • Epilepsy-Related Organizations
          • General Health Websites
          • Informacíon en Español
          • Information in Other Languages
          • Information on the Ketogenic Diet
          • Online and Mail-Order Pharmacies
          • Prescription Drug Assistance Programs
          • Recreation and Leisure Activities
          • Recreational Therapy Organizations
          • Services for Children and Their Families
        • Newsletter Archive
        • Articles and Videos
          • Epilepsy Must Become a Higher Government Priority
          • Extended Release Oxcarbazepine and Topiramate Approved
          • FDA Approves Eisai's AMPA Receptor Antagonist
          • AES Meeting in San Antonio - Highlights of the Latest Research Blog
        • Sources of Funding
        • Stories from Professionals
          • A Gift of Hope
          • A Therapeutic Experience
          • A Treasure Beyond Price
          • Cultivating Compassion: One Doctor’s Journey
          • Do No Harm
          • Lending Support
          • Noncompliance: Breaking the Cycle
          • SUDEP: A Doctor’s Struggle
          • Safety First: A Nurse’s Story
          • The Wisdom of Our Decisions
        • Tables
          • AED-AED interactions
          • AEDs for Rectal Administration
          • Age of Onset of Epilepsy
          • Anesthetic Drugs and the EEG
          • Anticonvulsant and Antimicrobial Cytochrome P-450 Effects
          • Antidepressants and Seizure Incidence
          • Antidepressants and their Metabolizing Enzymes
          • Antiepileptic Drug Preparations Delivered via Enteric Tubes
          • Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) in Transplantation Patients
          • Antipsychotic Drugs and their Metabolizing Enzymes
          • Antipsychotics and Seizure Incidence
          • Anxiolytic Drugs and their Metabolizing Enzymes
          • Assessment of Seizures and Developmental Disability
          • Choosing Antiepileptic Drugs
          • Common AED/Non-AED Interactions
          • Common Symptoms of Migraine and Epilepsy
          • Common and Rare AED Side Effects
          • Complications of Status Epilepticus
          • Diagnostic Criteria For ADHD
          • Differential Diagnosis of Nocturnal Events
          • Differential Diagnosis of Status Epilepticus
          • Drug Treatment
          • Drugs that May Lower Seizure Threshold
          • Epidemiologic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Aspects of CNS Fungal Infections
          • Etiology of Seizures and Epilepsy
          • Factors of Late Epilepsy
          • Genetic Forms of Epilepsy
          • Guidelines for Status Epilepticus Treatment
          • IQ Scores Before and After Status Epilepticus
          • Interactions: Antidepressants and Antiepileptic Drugs
          • Loading and Maintenance of AEDs
          • Major Antimicrobial-Anticonvulsant Interactions
          • Mechanism of Action in Commonly Used AEDs
          • Metabolic Disorders of Infantile Seizures
          • Migraine and Epilepsy
          • Migraine without Aura
          • Pentobarbital-Induced Anesthesia
          • Pharmacokinetics and Aging
          • Pharmacokinetics of AEDs
          • Prodrome and Aura in Migraine and Epilepsy
          • Protocol for Treatment of Status Epilepticus
          • Recommended Medications
          • Responder Rates
          • Risk of Drug Removal by Hemodialysis
          • Stimulants Used to Treat ADHD
          • Toxins and Drugs Reported to Induce Seizures
          • Types of Status Epilepticus
          • Use of Felbamate with Intractable Epilepsy
          • Viral CNS Syndromes with Potential Seizure Complications
  • Schools and Seizure Preparedness
get the news!
placeholder

Join our mailing list to stay to date about programs, events, and news about epilepsy.

G
Managing Epilepsy & Seizures Infographic

Here's a PDF version you can print: 

file type icon Managing Epilepsy & Seizures Infographic (PDF)
file type icon Managing Epilepsy & Seizures Infographic Spanish (PDF)

Our Mission

The mission of the Epilepsy Foundation is to lead the fight to overcome the challenges of living with epilepsy and to accelerate therapies to stop seizures, find cures, and save lives.

follow us
 

3540 Crain Highway, Suite 675, Bowie, MD 20716 | 1.800.332.1000

Learn

  • COVID-19 and Epilepsy
  • About Epilepsy: The Basics
  • Types of Seizures
  • Types of Epilepsy Syndromes
  • Epilepsy Due to Specific Causes
  • Triggers of Seizures
  • Diagnosis
  • Treating Seizures and Epilepsy
  • Managing Your Epilepsy
  • Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy
  • Early Death and SUDEP
  • Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
  • Challenges with Epilepsy
  • Learning Network

Living with Epilepsy

  • Our Training and Education
  • Healthy Living
  • Driving and Transportation
  • Independent Living
  • Legal Help
  • EF My Seizure Diary
  • Toolbox
  • Epilepsy and ...
  • Schools and Seizure Preparedness
  • Seizure First Aid and Safety

Make A Difference

  • Join our Grassroots Advocacy
  • Walk to END EPILEPSY®
  • Care and Cure Institute: END EPILEPSY in Children
  • Get Involved
  • eJourney
  • Ways to Give
  • Online Store Merchandise
  • Online Store Educational Materials
  • GIVE 26 to END EPILEPSY
  • National Education and Awareness Collaborative
  • Public Awareness
  • Talk About It!
  • Your Gift Matters

Connect

  • Get Social!
  • 24/7 Helpline
  • Community Forums
  • Seizure and Epilepsy News
  • Contact Us
  • Find an Epilepsy Specialist
  • Find a Clinical Trial
  • Epilepsy Foundation Terms of Use
  • Privacy Policy

About US

  • Advocacy
  • Research and New Therapies
  • Our Programs
  • Learning Healthcare System
  • Find Your Local Epilepsy Foundation
  • About the Foundation
  • Careers
  • Our Impact

Copyright © 2020. Epilepsy Foundation of America®, d/b/a Epilepsy Foundation®, is a non-profit organization with a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt status. All rights reserved.

  • Search form

24/7 helpline
  • fb
  • twitter
  • ig
  • yt
P
.