| Cytochrome P-450 Isoenzyme | Antimicrobial | Anticonvulsant | ||||
| Substrate | Inducer | Inhibitor | Substrate | Inducer | Inhibitor | |
| 1A2 | Ritonavir | Rifampin | Ciprofloxacin | Diazepam | Carbamazepine | |
| Ritonavir | Clarithromycin | Phenobarbital | ||||
| Erythromycin | Phenytoin | |||||
| Isoniazid | Primidone | |||||
| Ketoconazole | ||||||
| Levofloxacin | ||||||
| Ritonavir | ||||||
| 2A6 | Ritonavir | Ritonavir | Phenobarbital | |||
| 2B6 | Phenobarbital | |||||
| Phenytoin | ||||||
| Primidone | ||||||
| 2C | Rifampin | Isoniazid | Carbamazepine | |||
| Ketoconazole | Phenobarbital | |||||
| Phenytoin | ||||||
| Primidone | ||||||
| 2C8 | Rifampin | Carbamazepine | Carbamazepine | |||
| Diazepam | Phenobarbital | |||||
| Phenytoin | ||||||
| Primidone | ||||||
| 2C9 | Dapsone | Fluconazole | Chloramphenicol | Phenytoin | Carbamazepine | Valproic acid |
| Metronidazole | Rifampin | Isoniazid | Phenobarbital | |||
| Ritonavir | Ketoconazole | Phenytoin | ||||
| Metronidazole | ||||||
| Ritonavir | ||||||
| Sulamethox axole trimethoprim |
||||||
| Sulfonamides | ||||||
| 2C18 | Rifampin | Carbamazepine | ||||
| Phenobarbital | ||||||
| Phenytoin | ||||||
| 2C19 | Pentamidine | Rifampin | Fluconazole | Phenobarbital | Carbamazepine | Felbamate |
| Ritonavir | Isoniazid | Phenytoin | Phenobarbital | Oxcarbazepine | ||
| Ketoconazole | Topiramate | Phenytoin | Topiramate | |||
| Ritonavir | Valproate | |||||
| 2D6 | Chloroquine | Tagabine | Valproate | |||
| Quinidine | ||||||
| Ritonavir | ||||||
| 2E1 | Dapsone | Isoniazid | Ritonavir | |||
| Isoniazid | ||||||
| Ritonavir | ||||||
| 3A3/4 | Clarithromycin | Griseofulvin | Carbamazepine | Carbamazepine | ||
| Clindamycin | Nafcillin | Clonazepam | Oxcarbazepine | |||
| Dapsone | Rifabutin | Diazepam | Phenobarbital | |||
| Erythromycin | Tiagabine | Phenytoin | ||||
| Indinavir | Primidone | |||||
| Itraconazole | ||||||
| Ketoconazole | ||||||
| Miconazole | ||||||
| Nelfinavir | ||||||
| Quinidine | ||||||
| Rifamipin | ||||||
| Ritonavir | ||||||
| Saquinavir | ||||||
| 3A5-7 | Quinidine | Rifampin | Clotrimazole | Phenobarbital | ||
| Ketoconazole | Phenytoin | |||||
| Metronidazole | Primidone | |||||
Data adapted from CF Lacy, LL Armstrong, MP Goldman. Drug Information Handbook. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, 2000; 1092-1100; P Hantson, F Leonard, JM Maloteaux, P Maheiu. How epileptogenic are the recent antibiotics? Acta Clin Belg 1999; 54:80-87
