Alcohols and glycols
- ethanol
- ethylene glycol
- methanol
- propylene glycol
Anesthetics, local
- bupivacaine
- cocaine
- lidocaine
- procaine
- proparacaine
- tetracaine
Anesthetics, general
- enflurane
- etomidate
- isoflurane
- ketamine
- methohexital
Antibiotics
- cephalosporins
- ciprofloxacin
- gentamicin
- imipenem/cilastatin
- isoniazid
- metronidazole
- nalidixic acid
- norfloxacin
- penicillins
Anticonvulsants
- carbamazepine
- ethosuximide
- phenytoin
- valproic acid
Anticholinergics
- atropine
- benztropine mesylate
- diphenhydramine
- optic cyclopentolate
- scopolamine
Antidepressants, cyclic
- amitriptyline
- amoxapine
- clomipramine
- desipramine
- doxepin
- imipramine
- nortriptyline
- protriptyline
- trimipramine
Antidepressants, other
- bupropion
- fluoxetine
- maprotiline
- mianserin
- trazodone
Antifungals
- amphotericin
- miconazole
Antihistamines
- astemizole
- brompheniramine
- chlorpheniramine
- diphenhydramine
- doxylamine
- hydroxyzine
- pyrilamine
Antineoplastics
- bleomycin
- busulphan
- carmustine
- chlorambucil
- cisplatin
- cytarabine
- mechlorethamine
- methotrexate
- vinblastine
- vincristine
Antiparasitics
- chloroquine
- oxamniquine
- pyrimethamine
Antivirals
- acyclovir
- amantadine
Asphyxiants
- acetylene
- butane
- carbon dioxide
- ethane
- methane
- nitrogen
- propane
Cardiovascular agents
- aprindine
- digoxin
- disopyramide
- encainide
- flecainide
- lidocaine
- lorcainide
- methyldopa
- metoprolol
- mexiletine
- osmolal
- propafenone
- propranolol
- quinidine
- quinine
- tocainide
- verapamil
Drugs of abuse
- amphetamines
- cocaine
- lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
- marijuana
- methamphetamine ("ice")
- phencyclidine (PCP)
Drug withdrawal
- anticonvulsants
- barbiturates
- benzodiazepines
- ethanol
- other sedative-hypnotic agents
Hypoglycemics
- insulin
- sulfonylureas
Hydrocarbons
- acetone
- benzene
- camphor
- ethyl ether
- eucalyptus oil
- methylene chloride
- nitromethane
- phenol
- pine oil
- toluene
- turpentine oil
- xylene
Immunosuppressives
- azathioprine
- cyclosporin
- glucocorticosteroids
Inhalants
- carbon monoxide
Insecticides
- benzene hexachloride (Lindane)
- carbamates
- organochlorines
- organophosphates
- pyrethrins
- rotenone
Insect repellent
- N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)
Metal chelators
- deferoxamine
- edetic acid (EDTA)
- penicillamine
Metals
- aluminum
- arsenic
- bismuth salts
- copper
- iron
- lead
- mercury
Muscle relaxants
- baclofen
- albuterol
Mushrooms
- cyclopeptides
- monomethylhydrazine
- muscimol-ibotenic acid
- orellanine
- psilocybe
Neuroleptics
- thiothixene
- haloperidol
- lithium carbonate
Neuromuscular blockers
- atracurium
- tubocurarine
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- ibuprofen
- ketoprofen
- mefenamic acid
- naproxen
- piroxicam
- phenylbutazone
- salicylates
Opioids
- alfentanil
- fentanyl
- meperidine
- morphine
- pentazocine
- propoxyphene
- sufentanil
Plants
- akee (hypoglycins)
- angel's trumpet (belladonna alkaloids)
- azalea (grayanotoxin)
- bleeding hearts (isoquinoline alkaloids)
- Carolina jasmine (Gelsemium)
- chinaberry
- Christmas rose (glycosides)
- daffodil (narcissine, lycorine)
- deadly nightshade (solanine alkaloids)
- golden chain (quinolizidine alkaloids)
- ground hemlock (Taxus)
- juniper (essential oils)
- jimson weed (solanaceous alkaloids)
- Jerusalem cherry (solanine alkaloids)
- mountain laurel (cytisine)
- mistletoe
- poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)
- rhododendron (grayanotoxin)
- rhubarb (oxalic acid)
- strychnine nux vomicus
- tobacco (nicotine)
- umbrella plant (essential oils)
- water hemlock (cicutoxin)
- yew (Taxus)
Radiographic contrast media
- diatrizoic acid
- iopamidol
- iothalamate
- meglumine
- metrizamide
- metrizoate
Rodenticides
- fluoroacetate
- phosphorus
- phosphine
- strychnine
- thallium
- vacor
Sedative hypnotics reversal agents
- flumazenil
Sympathomimetics
- amphetamines
- aminophenzole
- caffeine
- doxapram
- ephedrine
- etamivan
- flurothyl
- imidazoline class
- lobeline
- methylphenidate
- metrazole
- phenylephrine
- phenylpropanolamine
- picrotoxin
- prethcamide
- pseudoephedrine
- strychnine
- terbutaline
- theophylline
Vaccines
- measles vaccine
- pertussis vaccine
Miscellaneous
- allopurinol
- borates
- bromocriptine
- cimetidine
- colchicine
- corticosteroids
- cyanide
- cycloserine
- dantrolene
- disulfiram
- ergonovine
- ergot alkaloids
- erythropoietin
- famotidine
- fluoride
- hydrogen sulfide
- levamisole
- levodopa
- levothyroxine
- nicotine
- pimozide
- probenecid
- prostaglandins
- thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Adapted from: Koppel BS. Contribution of drugs and drug interactions (prescribed, over the counter, and illicit) to seizures and epilepsy. In: Ettinger AB and Devinsky O, eds. Managing epilepsy and co-existing disorders. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2002;155-173. With permission from Elsevier (www.elsevier.com).
Reviewed By:
Steven C. Schachter MD
on:
Monday, March 1, 2004
