Fungus | Geographic Distribution | Opportunistic Infection? | Clinical Setting | Cerebrospinal Fluid | Systemic Involvement | Treatment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cryptococcus | Nonspecific | Sometimes | Community acquired | ? Protein | Lungs, skin, bones, joints | Amphotericin B flucytosine |
nl/? glucose | ||||||
? WBC (N, M) | ||||||
India ink | ||||||
Crypto- coccus Antigen |
||||||
Latex agglutin- ation |
||||||
Coccidioides | Southwestern United States | No | Community acquired | ? Protein | Lungs, skin, bones, joints | Amphotericin B (i.v. and i.t.) |
nl/? glucose | ||||||
? WBC (N, M) | ||||||
Complement fixation | ||||||
Candida | Nonspecific | Yes | Prolonged broad- spectrum antibiotics |
? Protein | Mucous membranes, skin, esophagus, genitourinary | Amphotericin B |
Indwelling catheters | nl/? glucose | |||||
Abdominal Surgery | ? WBC (N, M) | |||||
Intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) | Gram's stain | |||||
Molds | Nonspecific | Yes | Diabetes | ? Protein | Lungs, skin, orbits, paranasal siunses | Amphotericin B |
Aspergillus | Hematologic neoplasms | nl/? glucose | ||||
Mucorales | Transplant | ? WBC (N, M) | ||||
Near- drowning |
Red blood cell | |||||
IVDA | ||||||
Histoplasma | Eastern / mid-western United States | Sometimes | Community acquired | ? Protein | Lungs, skin, mucous membranes, heart | Ampho- tericin B |
Sporothrix | nl/? glucose | |||||
? WBC (N) | ||||||
Blastomyces | Mississippi River Valley | No | Community aquired | ? Protein | Lungs, skin, bones, joints, viscera | Amphotericin B |
nl/? glucose | ||||||
? WBC (N, M) | ||||||
Nocardia | Nonspecific | Yes | Community acquired | ? Protein | Lungs, skin | Sulfonamides |
nl/? glucose | ||||||
? WBC (N, M) | ||||||
Gram's stain | ||||||
Acid-fast bacillus |
M= monocyte; N= neutrophils; WBC= white blood cell; ?= increased; ?= decreased; = positive