Valproic (val-PRO-ik) acid is the generic name (non-brand name) of a widely used type of seizure medicine. The brand-name form of valproic acid in the United States and Canada is Depakene. In the UK, it is Convulex. Brand names used in other countries include Depakine, Orfiril, Valporal, and Valprosid.

When you read about valproic acid, you will also see the word valproate (val-PRO-ate). This is the name of valproic acid after it has changed into the form that actually works in the body. A few other seizure medicines also are changed into valproate, so they work in the same way as valproic acid. The best-known valproate medicine in the United States is brand-name Depakote.

Using generic medicines rather than brand-name ones is often suggested as a way to save money. Sometimes the savings are large, but with other medicines the price differences are pretty small. Investigate and shop around before deciding whether the savings are worth any possible problems.

People who switch from brand-name Depakene or Depakote, for instance, to generic valproic acid possibly risk having more seizures or side effects during the changeover, because the body may not absorb the different types in the same way. Switching from one company's generic valproic acid to another company's may have similar risks. So can switching from generic valproic acid to Depakene or Depakote.

All these risks are not fully known. For some people the effects of changing from one type to another are very small. Some use generic valproic acid successfully by always using the same company's product. Then the dosage can be adjusted to achieve the best results.

What's important is that you and the doctor should know what you're getting from the pharmacy and be able to control what type of seizure medicine you get.

Forms
Various companies make and sell valproic acid. The appearance may differ, but the dose (measured in milligrams, abbreviated "mg") usually will be the same. In the United States, it is available in two forms:

• 250-mg capsules
• Syrup (liquid): 250 mg per 5 mL (milliliters)

Valproic acid capsules from different companies may look different. They all contain the same kind of medicine, but check with your doctor or the pharmacist if you get pills that look different from the ones you have been taking. You need to be careful because pills from a different company may not work the same way in your body.

How to take and store valproic acid
Follow the doctor's directions. Call if you have any questions. The way the medicine is taken depends, of course, on what form the doctor has prescribed.

Valproic acid capsules must be swallowed whole. If they're chewed, the mouth and throat may become irritated. They are best taken on a full stomach to avoid stomach upset, but they can be taken without food. (Drink a full glass of water if taking the capsule alone.) Valproic acid syrup can be mixed with another liquid or food for better taste, as long as it is all consumed. Be sure to use a standard measuring spoon or dropper for accurate, consistent dosing. Because food affects the way medicine is used by the body, try to be consistent day in and day out. A person who usually takes valproic acid with meals should do that all the time.

Both forms of valproic acid should be stored at room temperature, away from heat, light, and dampness. (Don't keep the capsules in the bathroom if it's damp there.) Protect the syrup from freezing. Be sure to keep this medicine where children can't get it.

What if I forget?
In general, if you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, delay that dose for a few hours, instead of taking two doses very close together. Then go back to the regular schedule. If you're not sure about what to do, call the doctor's office for more advice.

Do your best to follow the doctor's directions. The more often a medicine must be taken, the greater the chance of forgetting, and some people need to take valproic acid three times every day. This can be difficult. If you forget doses often, it may be a good idea to get a special pillbox or watch with an alarm to remind you. You also might ask the doctor about Depakote ER, a type of valproate medicine that is taken only once a day.

Taking the right amount of seizure medicine on time every single day is the most important step in preventing seizures!